Learn To Play Concertina: A Beginner's Guide

So, you're thinking about diving into the world of the concertina, huh? Awesome! This instrument, with its unique sound and compact size, is a fantastic choice for musicians of all levels. Whether you're a seasoned instrumentalist or a complete beginner, this guide will walk you through everything you need to know to get started playing the concertina. We'll cover the basics, from understanding the instrument's anatomy to mastering fundamental techniques and even exploring different styles of music you can play. So, grab your concertina (or start researching which one to get!), and let's embark on this musical journey together!

Understanding the Concertina

Before we jump into playing, let's get familiar with what a concertina actually is. The concertina is a free-reed musical instrument, similar to a harmonica or accordion. What sets it apart is its distinctive hexagonal or octagonal shape and the buttons located on both ends. These buttons, when pressed, allow air to flow over reeds, producing a sound. But here's the cool part: the sound can change depending on whether you're pushing or pulling the bellows! This bellows shake technique, as it's often called, is a core element of concertina playing and what gives the instrument its unique character.

Types of Concertinas

Now, you might be surprised to learn that there isn't just one type of concertina! The three main types are the English, Anglo, and Duet concertinas, and they differ significantly in their button layout and how notes are produced. Understanding these differences is crucial when choosing the right concertina for you. Let's break them down:

• English Concertina: The English concertina is a fully chromatic instrument, meaning it can play all the notes within its range. What's unique about it is that each button produces the same note whether you push or pull the bellows. This consistency makes it relatively straightforward to learn melodies, but it can be challenging for some to play chords due to the button arrangement.
• Anglo Concertina: The Anglo concertina, on the other hand, produces different notes depending on the direction of the bellows. This might sound confusing, but it's actually a very intuitive system for playing traditional music, particularly Irish and English folk tunes. The Anglo concertina is typically diatonic, meaning it's designed to play in specific keys, making it ideal for playing in sessions and with other musicians. Many beginners opt for the Anglo concertina because it lends itself well to common folk melodies.
• Duet Concertina: As the name suggests, the Duet concertina is designed for playing both melody and accompaniment simultaneously. It has a different button layout than the English and Anglo concertinas, with the left-hand side typically playing bass notes and chords, and the right-hand side playing the melody. Duet concertinas are often favored by more experienced players looking for a versatile instrument capable of complex arrangements.

Anatomy of a Concertina

Regardless of the type, all concertinas share some common components. Knowing these parts will help you understand how the instrument works and how to care for it. Here's a quick rundown:

• Bellows: The bellows are the heart of the concertina. They are the expandable and collapsible part of the instrument that forces air across the reeds. The quality of the bellows is crucial for the sound and playability of the concertina. Leather bellows are generally considered higher quality than those made of synthetic materials.
• Buttons: The buttons are what you press to produce notes. Their arrangement varies depending on the type of concertina, as we discussed earlier. The buttons are connected to levers that open valves, allowing air to flow over the reeds.
• Reeds: The reeds are thin metal strips that vibrate when air passes over them, creating the sound. Each button typically controls one or more reeds, depending on the instrument's design.
• Action: The action refers to the mechanical parts that connect the buttons to the reeds. A smooth and responsive action is essential for comfortable playing.
• Hand Rests: These are straps or rests on the ends of the concertina that help you hold and control the instrument. They are crucial for maintaining a good grip and preventing fatigue during longer playing sessions.

Getting Started: Basic Techniques

Alright, now that you have a good grasp of what a concertina is, let's dive into the fun part: learning to play! Like any instrument, mastering the concertina takes time and practice, but with the right approach, you'll be making music in no time. We'll start with some basic techniques that will form the foundation of your playing.

Holding the Concertina

First things first, let's talk about how to hold the concertina correctly. This might seem obvious, but a proper grip is essential for comfort, control, and preventing strain. Here's a step-by-step guide:

1. Position your hands: Place your hands through the hand straps or rests on either end of the concertina. The straps should be snug but not too tight, allowing you to move your fingers freely.
2. Maintain a relaxed grip: Avoid gripping the instrument too tightly. A relaxed grip will allow for better bellows control and prevent fatigue. Think of your hands as cradling the concertina, rather than squeezing it.
3. Keep your wrists flexible: Your wrists should be flexible and able to move freely. This will allow you to control the bellows smoothly and efficiently.
4. Maintain good posture: Sit or stand up straight with your shoulders relaxed. Good posture will help you breathe properly and play for longer periods without discomfort.

Bellows Control

Bellows control is arguably the most crucial aspect of concertina playing. It's what allows you to shape the sound, control the dynamics, and create musical phrasing. Here are some essential tips for mastering bellows control:

1. Smooth and even movements: The bellows should be moved smoothly and evenly, avoiding jerky or abrupt movements. This will create a consistent airflow and a more pleasing sound.
2. Use your wrists and arms: Bellows control isn't just about using your arms; it also involves subtle movements of your wrists. Practice coordinating your wrist and arm movements to achieve smooth bellows action.
3. Listen to the sound: Pay close attention to the sound you're producing. Are you creating a consistent tone? Are there any unwanted squeaks or wheezes? Adjust your bellows technique as needed.
4. Vary the pressure: Experiment with varying the pressure on the bellows to create different dynamics. A lighter touch will produce a softer sound, while more pressure will result in a louder sound.

Finding Notes

Once you're comfortable holding the concertina and controlling the bellows, it's time to start finding some notes! This is where the type of concertina you have will make a big difference. If you're playing an English concertina, remember that each button produces the same note whether you push or pull the bellows. If you're playing an Anglo concertina, you'll need to learn which notes are produced on the push and pull.

1. Start with simple scales: A great way to get familiar with the button layout is to practice playing simple scales. Start with the C major scale, and then move on to other scales as you become more comfortable.
2. Use finger charts: Finger charts can be a helpful tool for learning the button layout of your concertina. These charts show which buttons correspond to which notes.
3. Practice regularly: Like any musical skill, learning the concertina takes practice. Set aside some time each day to practice, even if it's just for 15-20 minutes. Regular practice will help you develop muscle memory and improve your playing.

Exploring Different Styles and Music

The beauty of the concertina is its versatility. It's an instrument that can be used to play a wide range of musical styles, from traditional folk music to classical pieces and even contemporary tunes. Here are some popular styles and musical genres that the concertina shines in:

Traditional Folk Music

The concertina has a rich history in traditional folk music, particularly in England and Ireland. The Anglo concertina is especially well-suited to playing jigs, reels, hornpipes, and other traditional tunes. The instrument's bright, lively tone and its ability to play in specific keys make it a perfect fit for the genre. Many traditional folk musicians also appreciate the portability of the concertina, making it ideal for playing in sessions and at festivals.

Sea Shanties

Another genre where the concertina excels is sea shanties. These traditional work songs of sailors are often accompanied by the concertina, adding a cheerful and rhythmic element to the music. The concertina's bellows-driven sound and its ability to play chords make it well-suited to the genre's sing-along style.

Classical Music

While the concertina is often associated with folk music, it can also be used to play classical pieces. The English concertina, with its fully chromatic range, is particularly well-suited to playing classical music. There are even some original compositions for the concertina in the classical repertoire, although they are less common than arrangements of existing works.

Contemporary Music

The concertina is also finding its way into contemporary music. Some musicians are experimenting with using the concertina in genres like pop, rock, and jazz. Its unique sound and versatility make it an interesting addition to these genres, adding a touch of folk and traditional flair.

Tips for Continued Learning and Practice

So, you've got the basics down, and you're starting to make some music! That's awesome! But the journey of learning the concertina is a continuous one. Here are some tips to help you continue learning and improving your playing:

• Find a teacher: If possible, consider taking lessons from an experienced concertina player. A good teacher can provide personalized feedback and guidance, helping you avoid bad habits and progress more quickly. They can guide you on more complex techniques and musical pieces that you might struggle with on your own.
• Join a concertina group or club: Playing with other musicians is a great way to learn and stay motivated. Joining a concertina group or club will give you the opportunity to play with others, learn new tunes, and share your passion for the instrument. It's a supportive community where you can exchange tips, tricks, and learn different playing styles.
• Attend workshops and festivals: Concertina workshops and festivals are a fantastic way to immerse yourself in the instrument and learn from some of the best players in the world. These events often feature workshops, concerts, and jam sessions, providing ample opportunities to learn, play, and connect with other concertina enthusiasts. It’s also a great way to discover new music and playing techniques.
• Record yourself playing: Recording yourself playing can be a valuable learning tool. It allows you to listen back to your playing and identify areas for improvement. It can be daunting at first, but it’s a really effective way to objectively assess your progress.
• Be patient and persistent: Learning any instrument takes time and effort. There will be times when you feel frustrated or discouraged, but it's important to be patient and persistent. Keep practicing, and you'll eventually reach your goals. Celebrate small victories and remember why you started playing in the first place. The joy of making music should be your primary motivation.

Choosing Your First Concertina: A Buyer's Guide

If you haven't already purchased a concertina, the task of choosing your first one can feel a bit overwhelming. With different types, brands, and price points, it's important to do your research and make an informed decision. Here’s a quick guide to help you navigate the process:

Budget

First and foremost, consider your budget. Concertinas can range in price from a few hundred dollars for a beginner instrument to several thousand dollars for a high-end professional model. It's a good idea to set a budget before you start shopping so you don't overspend. Remember that you can always upgrade later as your skills and needs evolve. Many beginners start with a more affordable instrument to ensure they enjoy playing before making a significant investment.

Type of Concertina

As we discussed earlier, there are three main types of concertinas: English, Anglo, and Duet. For beginners, the Anglo concertina is often recommended, particularly for those interested in playing traditional folk music. It’s a very intuitive instrument that lends itself well to many common melodies. However, if you’re interested in playing classical music or prefer a fully chromatic instrument, the English concertina might be a better choice. The Duet concertina is generally recommended for more advanced players.

Quality and Construction

The quality and construction of a concertina will significantly impact its sound, playability, and longevity. Look for instruments made with high-quality materials, such as leather bellows and responsive reeds. The action should be smooth and consistent, and the buttons should be easy to press. Reading reviews and getting recommendations from experienced players can be very helpful in assessing the quality of a particular instrument. A well-constructed concertina will not only sound better but will also last longer and require less maintenance.

New vs. Used

You'll also need to decide whether to buy a new or used concertina. New concertinas typically come with a warranty and are in pristine condition. However, they can be more expensive. Used concertinas can be a great value, but it's important to inspect them carefully for any damage or wear and tear. If you’re buying a used instrument, try to play it before you buy it to ensure it’s in good working order. You might also consider having it inspected by a repair technician if you're unsure.

Brands and Retailers

There are several reputable concertina brands to choose from, including Stagi, Rochelle, and Wheatstone. Research different brands and read reviews to get an idea of their reputation and the quality of their instruments. Purchase your concertina from a reputable retailer that specializes in musical instruments. This will ensure you get a good quality instrument and access to expert advice and support. Some retailers even offer trial periods, allowing you to return the instrument if it's not the right fit for you.

Maintaining Your Concertina

Just like any musical instrument, your concertina will need some maintenance to keep it in good playing condition. Regular maintenance will not only ensure that your instrument sounds its best but will also extend its lifespan. Here are some tips for maintaining your concertina:

Cleaning

Keep your concertina clean by wiping it down regularly with a soft, dry cloth. This will remove dust, fingerprints, and other debris that can accumulate on the instrument. Avoid using harsh chemicals or cleaning products, as these can damage the finish. Pay special attention to the bellows, as they can be particularly susceptible to dust and dirt buildup. Gently wipe the bellows with a soft cloth to keep them clean and supple.

Storage

When you're not playing your concertina, store it in a case to protect it from dust, moisture, and physical damage. A hard case is ideal for travel, while a soft case can be used for storage at home. Store your concertina in a dry, climate-controlled environment. Avoid storing it in areas with extreme temperatures or humidity, as this can damage the instrument. Keep it away from direct sunlight and heat sources.

Bellows Care

The bellows are a critical part of the concertina, so it's important to take good care of them. Avoid over-extending the bellows, as this can damage the folds. When you're not playing, store the concertina with the bellows closed. If the bellows become stiff or difficult to move, you may need to have them lubricated. This is best done by a professional repair technician.

Reed Maintenance

The reeds are the vibrating parts that produce the sound of the concertina. Over time, they may become dirty or misaligned, which can affect the instrument's tone. If you notice that your concertina is sounding dull or out of tune, you may need to have the reeds cleaned or adjusted. This is a delicate task that is best left to a professional repair technician.

Regular Checkups

It's a good idea to have your concertina checked by a professional repair technician every few years. They can identify and fix any potential problems before they become major issues. Regular checkups will help keep your concertina in top playing condition and extend its lifespan.

Final Thoughts

Learning to play the concertina is a rewarding journey. It's an instrument with a unique sound, a rich history, and a vibrant community of players. Whether you're drawn to its traditional folk roots or its potential for contemporary music, the concertina offers a world of musical possibilities. Remember to be patient, practice regularly, and most importantly, have fun! With dedication and the right resources, you'll be making beautiful music in no time. So, go ahead, pick up your concertina, and start playing! Who knows, you might just discover your new favorite instrument.